Ngā pepeke: he pārongo
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Teaching resources
- All about insects
- Ngā pepeke: he pārongo
- The arthropods on the pare
- BioBlitz
- Poster: He aha tēnei hekaheka? What is this fungus?
- Poster: He aha tēnei pepeke? What is this bug?
- Poster: Ole a le bug? What is this bug?
- Poster: Sea te manu foliki tenei? What is this bug?
- Poster: He aha tēnei manu? What is this bird?
- Poster: Who is in the wetland? Ko wai kei te repo?
- Poster: Ko wai kei te repo? Who is in the wetland?
- Pollination & pollinators
- The Great Weeds Hunt Aotearoa
- The Story of Tūī | Ngā Kōrero O Te Tūī
- Well-being in a pā harakeke | Hauora i roto i te pā harakeke
E kīia ana te āta tirotiro i ngā pepeke ko te mātai pepeke, arā, he entomology ki te reo Pākehā.
He aha tēnei mea, te pepeke?
He uri a ngāi pepeke nō te karangatanga Insecta.
- E 3 ngā wāhanga o te tinana pepeke:
- te ūpoko,
- te poho,
- te puku.
- E ono ngā waewae, e hono ana ki te poho.
- He parirau ō te nuinga, ā, pērā i ngā waewae, e hono ana ēnei ki te poho. Ko ngā pepeke pērā i ngā pītara, he whai parirau mārō e kīia ana he elytrae, ā, hei kahu ēnei mō ngā parirau rere. Ka piri ngā parirau mārō nei ki te puku i te wā kāore te pepeke e rere ana.
Te mea rahi katoa, taumaha katoa, pakupaku katoa?
- Ko te pepeke o ēnei rā nōna ngā parirau roa katoa, ko te pūrēhua hercules (a Coscinocera hercules) o Ahitereiria - kei te āhua 35 henimita te whānui o ngā parirau o tērā.
- Ko te pepeke taumaha katoa, ko te pītara goliath pea (a Goliathus goliath) o Africa. E ai ki ngā rongo, he nui ake i te 100 karamu te taumaha (he nui ake i tētahi manu iti)!
- He pepeke anō kei Aotearoa nei ko te wētāpunga te ingoa (a Deinacrida heteracantha, heoi, ko Hauturu anake tōna kāinga noho i ēnei rā), ā, he tino kaitā anō tērā - piki atu ki te 71 karamu te taumaha.
- Mō te wāhi ki te pepeke pakupaku katoa, koia pea tērā ko tētahi momo wāpu tino moroiti e kīia ana he wāpu mymarid (he 'ngaro patupaiarehe' rānei). He iti ake i te 0.4 mm te roa o te tinana.
Ngā tahumaero ka kawea e ngā pepeke
- Arā ētahi pepeke ngongo toto ka tino whakararu i te tangata, i te mea he kawe tahumaero anō rātou.
- Arā te puruhi piri kiore o te Rāwhiti Pāmamao (a Xenopsylla cheopis) e kawe ana i te urutā bubonic. I te rautau 14 ko tētahi hauawa o te iwi whānui o Ūropi (e 25 miriona tāngata) i hemo i tērā tahumaero!
- Ko te waeroa tētahi rōpū pepeke kai toto he kawe tahumaero anō tā rātou. Ko te malaria tētahi o ngā tino tahumaero nei, ā, he tokomaha tonu ngā tāngata e hemo ana i tērā. He waimarie kāore anō te malaria i tatū ki Aotearoa, engari kitea nuitia ai i ngā whenua pārūrū o te ao, ā, ka āhua 120 miriona ngā tāngata ka pāria e te malaria i aua whenua i ia tau.
Ngā kai a te pepeke
- Inā kē te tini o ngā kai a ngā pepeke.
- He kai rau ngā momo pepeke maha tonu, pērā i ngā torongū o ngā pūrerehua me ngā pūrēhua.
- Ko ngā pūrerehua me ngā pī pakeke ētahi tauira o ngā pepeke he rite te hanga o ngā arero ki te ngongo, e pai ai te ngongo i te waireka o ngā pua.
- Arā anō ētahi pepeke, pērā i te rō, he kai pepeke tonu tāna. Ka noho torohū te rō, ā, kia tata atu tētahi atu pepeke ki a ia, tere tonu tana hopu i a ia ki ana waewae whai tarakina o mua. I ētahi wā ka kainga hoki te toa e te uwha i muri i tā rāua ai! (Heoi anō, mō te wāhi ki te rō māori o Aotearoa (a Orthodera novae-zealandiae), me uaua ka kainga te toa e te uwha; engari he tino tikanga tēnei nā te momo o āwherika ki te Tonga (a Miomantis caffra), i kitea tuatahitia i Aotearoa nei i te tau 1978).
- He maha ngā pepeke ka noho ki runga i ētahi atu kararehe, ā, ka kīia he 'pirinoa'; hei tauira, ko te puruhi me te kutu, ka pirinoa ki ngā kararehe whāngote me ngā manu, ā, ka ngongo i te toto (ko ngā puruhi me ētahi kutu ka pēnei), ka kai rānei i te kiri tonu, i ngā huruhuru rānei (he maha ngā momo kutu he pēnei te āhua).
Ngā mātātoka
- Kua roa ake i te 380 miriona tau ngā pepeke e ora ana ki tēnei ao - he roa ake tērā i ngā moko tuauri!
- Ko ngā mātātoka ngā taonga kei te whakaata mai i ngā pepeke o tua whakarere.
- He tino rahi ētahi o ēnei tūpuna pepeke kua mate-ā-moa ināianei:
- arā tētahi rōpū e kīia ana ko ngā palaeodictyopteran, he āhua rite ki te papata kaitā ki te titiro atu, e ora ana i te 250 miriona tau ki muri, ā, e 56 henimita te roa mai i tētahi pito o ngā parirau ki tētahi!
- arā anō he kapowai kaitā e ora ana i taua wā, e 71 henimita pea te roa o ngā parirau o ērā!
E hia katoa ngā momo?
- Tērā tonu pea he nui ake i te rima miriona (5,000,000) ngā momo puta noa i te ao, engari kāore i te āta mōhiotia e hia rawa. Tēnā ko ngā manu o te ao, e 9,000 noa ōna momo, ā, e 4,000 ngā momo kararehe whāngote.
- Kei te āhua 20,000 ngā momo pepeke o Aotearoa, ā, he maha tonu o ēnei kāore anō kia tapaina ki tētahi ingoa pūtaiao whai mana (e tohu ana i te puninga me te momo).
Te kite me te rongo o te pepeke
Kāore e kore ka rerekē katoa te āhua o te titiro a te pepeke ki te ao, tēnā i te titiro a ngāi tāua. āpiti atu ki te pakupaku mārika o te pepeke, me tana noho mōrearea i ngā wā katoa kei kainga e tētahi mea rahi ake (e te pūngāwerewere, e te manu, e tētahi atu pepeke rānei), he rerekē anō te āhua o tō rātou kite me tō rātou rongo.
Te kite
- Ko te karu o te pepeke, he huinga karu maha, ā, ka kīia he karu wāhanga-rau.
- He rerekē rawa atu te āhua o tā rātou titiro ki te ao, tēnā i tā tātou.
- Kite ai te karu pepeke i tēnei mea, te tae.
- He tino pai tō rātou kite i ngā nekeneke, engari he āhua koretake tō rātou kite i te hanga o tētahi mea.
Te rongo kakara
- Kāore te pepeke e whai ihu, engari ka rongo tonu i ngā kakara me ngā haunga.
- Ko ngā pūhihi ngā mea e rite ana ki te ihu te mahi; ka toro atu ki mua, ki ngā taha rānei o te ūpoko.
- Me te huruhuru te āhua o ngā pūhihi o te nuinga o ngā pūrēhua me ētahi atu pepeke; mā konei ka nui ake te horahanga, e kaha ake ai te rongo i ngā tini kakara.
- Ka waihangatia e ngā uwha tētahi matū motuhake e kīia ana he pheromone; he rite ēnei ki te whakakaraka, ā, ko tāna mahi, hei whakawai i ngā tāne.
- Arā tētahi momo pūrēhua emepara o Ūropi (ko Pavonia pavonia te ingoa) ka rongo i te kakara o te uwha 11km te tawhiti atu!
Te rongo oro
- He taringa-kore te nuinga o ngā pepeke, engari rongo tonu ai rātou i ngā oro mā roto i te kiri.
- Kei ētahi pepeke tētahi mea āhua rite ki te 'pahū-taringa', engari kei wāhi kē o te tinana - kāore i te ūpoko. Hei tauira, he hanga pēnei ō te pihareinga i ana waewae o mua.
- Ko tā ngā toa o ngāi pihareinga, ngāi kīkītara, me ngāi māwhitiwhiti, he kitā hei whakawai i ngā uwha; he rerekē te tangi a tēnā, a tēnā momo kīkītara.
Te mataora o te pepeke
He hua te tīmatanga o ngā pepeke katoa.
E 2 ngā momo mataora:
- ko ērā (ko ngā punua hanga pūmau) he āhua rite te hanga o te kōhungahunga ki tō te mea pakeke. Hei tauira, i te kīkītara:
- he punua te mea ka puta ake i te hua;
- kai ai te punua nei i ngā pakiaka o ētahi tipu i te poho o Papatūānuku - he maha pea ngā tau koinei tāna mahi;
- he āhua rite te hanga o te punua nei ki te kīkītara pakeke, engari he mā te tae, ā, kāore ōna parirau;
- i a ia e punua ana, e hia kē ngā kounutanga o tana kiri, me te whanake haere anō;
- nāwai ā, ka ngōki mai i te poho o Papa, ka piki i te rākau, ā, ki reira tana kounutanga whakamutunga;
- puta ake ana i te kiri whakamutunga o te punua ko tētahi kīkītara pakeke whai parirau;
- ko ērā (ko ngā torongū ) he rerekē te hanga o te kōhungahunga i tō te mea pakeke. I ngā pepeke pērā i ngā pūrerehua, ngā pītara me ngā ngaro:
- he torongū te mea ka puta ake i te hua;
- he rerekē te roa e kai ana ngā torongū - ko ētahi kai ai mō ētahi rā noa iho, ko ētahi ka hia tau e kai ana (arā anō ētahi momo kai ai ā rātou torongū i ngā momo kai huhua);
- he tino rerekē te āhua o te torongū tēnā i te mea pakeke;
- nō te kounutanga whakamutunga o te torongū, ka huri hei ngeti;
- me kī he 'taumata okioki' te ngeti; i te nuinga o te wā piri tahi ai te ngeti ki te wāhi kotahi, i roto pea i tētahi kahu-āhuru kua oti i te torongū te hanga, ā, he paku oreore noa te mea ka taea e ia;
- ka nakunaku haere a roto o te ngeti, ko te hupa koiora te rite, kātahi ka 'ahuahua' mai ko te pepeke pakeke;
- ka kīia ēnei huringa koiora nui ka pā ki ngā pepeke he kāhuarau - ko te 'kāhua', he kupu anō mō te 'āhua', ā, ko te rau, e tohu ana i te maha o ngā āhua ka puta ake.
Te anga o te pepeke
Ko te anga o te tangata, he kōiwi ka noho ki roto tonu i te tinana, e karapotia ana e ngā wāhanga ngohe me te kiri ngohe.
Engari i ngā pepeke:
- kei waho kē te anga, he mārō tonu, ka kīia he angawaho ; ko tāna, he:
- tautoko i ngā mea o roto o te pepeke, tae atu ki ōna uaua;
- tiaki i ngā wai o roto i te pepeke, kia kore ai e tere mimiti.
- kāore te angawaho e tipu ngātahi me te pepeke, nō reira me kounu kē (arā, ka whakarerea te kiri i ōna wā anō) e tipu tonu ai te pepeke. Kounu ai te pepeke i a ia e tamariki tonu ana, kia pakeke ake, kua kore e kounu.
Ngā pepeke e kaha kitea ana
- He rāwaho kē te huhua o ngā pepeke e kitea ana i ō tātou māra i Aotearoa, arā, i haere kē mai i tāwāhi, hei tauira:
- te pī hanga miere (Ūropi)
- te pīrorohū (Ūropi)
- te wāpu o Ūropi
- te wāpu pepa (āhia).
- Kua eke ki te 2,000 pea ngā momo o tāwāhi kua tau te noho ki Aotearoa.
- He ruarua noa iho ngā momo māori kua urutau pai ki ngā taiao kua rāwekehia e te tangata, ā, ko te kīkītara tētahi.
Ngā pepeke kāore e kaha kitea ana
- Kei te ngahere kē te nuinga o ngā pepeke nō Aotearoa tūturu nei.
- ā, mō tētahi 18,000 o ēnei, ko Aotearoa anake tō rātou kāinga, puta noa i te ao!
- Pērā anō i ngā manu ahurei o Aotearoa, pērā i te kiwi, he pepeke ahurei anō ō tātou, pērā i te wētāpunga me te tūwhaipapa, kāore nei e kitea i tētahi atu whenua o te ao.
- Ka mutu, he maha noa atu ngā mea kāore anō kia tūhuratia ...!